ABSTRACT
Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods help researchers in solving many prob-lems in terms of numerical analysis. However, MCDM methods have not been very popular in the health sector. In this study, five ones of Turkey's most intense and highly populated cities were selected and the risk of the spread of Covid-19 disease was evaluated on the basis of seven criteria. The PROMETHEE and the ELECTRE methods were conducted to rank the cities in terms of the spread of Covid-19. The PROMETHEE method correctly ranked the most risky city as Istanbul, but ELECTRE ranked Istanbul the second most risky. The results of the meth-ods are compared with real data. PROMETHEE gave more convenient results than ELECTRE. Also, this paper offers a new field of study to the literature.Cite this article as: Pekel ozmen E, Demir B. The analysis of risk assessment for the trans-mission of COVID-19 by using PROMETHEE and ELECTRE methods. Sigma J Eng Nat Sci 2023;41:2:232-242.
ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of sex-specific genetic factors in the pathogenesis and prog-nosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2)-induced macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), independent of age and comorbidity presence. Material(s) and Method(s): Patients aged 18-50 years who had been diagnosed with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus, were enrolled in a prospective, case-control, multi-center study. Genetic alterations and messenger RNA (m-RNA) expression levels of the TLR7, TLR8, ACE2, CD40L, CXCR3, and TASL genes were determined using DNA sequencing analysis, and gene expression was determined using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing. PolyPhen-2 (Polymorphism Phenotyping v2;Adzhubei et al., 2010) and SNAP2 (Rostlab, Munich, Germany) genetic analysis tools were used to define the pathogenic effects of detected mutations by sequencing the selected genes in hotspot regions. Result(s): The study group consisted of 80 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and was divided into groups based on sex and MAS status. Twenty-nine mutations were detected in 6 genes. Among the alterations, 15 were identified in this study for the first time and 9 were pathogenic. Pathogenic missense mutations in the TLR7, TLR8, ACE2, and TASL genes were detected in the MAS (+) group. In males, decreased TLR7, TLR8, and CXCR3 expression was statistically significant in the MAS (+) group (p<0.050). CXCR3 expression was lower in the female and male MAS (+) groups compared with the MAS (-) groups (p<0.050). Conclusion(s): In the absence of major risk factors for COVID-19, the TLR7/8, ACE2, and CXCR3 variants and decreased m-RNA expression levels associated with genetic susceptibility may be independent prognostic risk factors for COVID-19. Copyright © 2022 by Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine.
ABSTRACT
Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the usage of social media and other attitudes, such as eating routines. In the present study, the relationship between social media addiction and attachment, eating behavior, and emotion regulation was analyzed in individuals who had an experience of online education or working online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study consists of 194 participants who experienced online working or education in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic. Demographic form, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, Inventory of Experiences in Close Relationships, The Emotion Regulation Difficulty Scale Brief Form, and Eating Attitudes Test-Short Form were used to collect related information. According to demographic informa-tion, the present study consists of 141 female and 44 male participants. Results: Anxious attachment, eating behavior and its 2 subscales which were social pressure and preoc-cupation with eating, emotion dysregulation, and its all subscales were found positively correlated with social media addiction. Regression analyses revealed that only anxious attachment (t = 8.01, P < .001) and “goals” that is subscale of emotion dysregulation were found as a predictor of social media addiction (t = 4.96, P < .05). In addition, a statistically significant relationship was found between the increase in the frequency of social media usage during the pandemic and social media addiction. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the usage of social media has increased during the pandemic period, and this increase has brought up the risk of social media addiction. As a result, it was emphasized that the relationship between attachment types and emotion regulation should be consid-ered in future studies about social media addiction. © Author(s).